diff --git a/app/dao/annual_billing_dao.py b/app/dao/annual_billing_dao.py
index 0e4d3b96b..306a2dd86 100644
--- a/app/dao/annual_billing_dao.py
+++ b/app/dao/annual_billing_dao.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from flask import current_app
+from sqlalchemy import select, update
 
 from app import db
 from app.dao.dao_utils import autocommit
@@ -26,42 +27,51 @@ def dao_create_or_update_annual_billing_for_year(
 
 
 def dao_get_annual_billing(service_id):
-    return (
-        AnnualBilling.query.filter_by(
+    stmt = (
+        select(AnnualBilling)
+        .filter_by(
             service_id=service_id,
         )
         .order_by(AnnualBilling.financial_year_start)
-        .all()
     )
+    return db.session.execute(stmt).scalars().all()
 
 
 @autocommit
 def dao_update_annual_billing_for_future_years(
     service_id, free_sms_fragment_limit, financial_year_start
 ):
-    AnnualBilling.query.filter(
-        AnnualBilling.service_id == service_id,
-        AnnualBilling.financial_year_start > financial_year_start,
-    ).update({"free_sms_fragment_limit": free_sms_fragment_limit})
+    stmt = (
+        update(AnnualBilling)
+        .filter(
+            AnnualBilling.service_id == service_id,
+            AnnualBilling.financial_year_start > financial_year_start,
+        )
+        .values({"free_sms_fragment_limit": free_sms_fragment_limit})
+    )
+    db.session.execute(stmt)
+    db.session.commit()
 
 
 def dao_get_free_sms_fragment_limit_for_year(service_id, financial_year_start=None):
     if not financial_year_start:
         financial_year_start = get_current_calendar_year_start_year()
 
-    return AnnualBilling.query.filter_by(
+    stmt = select(AnnualBilling).filter_by(
         service_id=service_id, financial_year_start=financial_year_start
-    ).first()
+    )
+    return db.session.execute(stmt).scalars().first()
 
 
 def dao_get_all_free_sms_fragment_limit(service_id):
-    return (
-        AnnualBilling.query.filter_by(
+    stmt = (
+        select(AnnualBilling)
+        .filter_by(
             service_id=service_id,
         )
         .order_by(AnnualBilling.financial_year_start)
-        .all()
     )
+    return db.session.execute(stmt).scalars().all()
 
 
 def set_default_free_allowance_for_service(service, year_start=None):
diff --git a/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py b/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
index 14d82835b..111a9a053 100644
--- a/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
+++ b/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from datetime import date, timedelta
 
 from flask import current_app
-from sqlalchemy import Date, Integer, and_, desc, func, union
+from sqlalchemy import Date, Integer, and_, desc, func, select, union
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert
 from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import case, literal
 
@@ -334,9 +334,8 @@ def query_service_sms_usage_for_year(service_id, year):
     free_allowance_used = func.least(
         remaining_free_allowance_before_this_row, this_rows_chargeable_units
     )
-
-    return (
-        db.session.query(
+    stmt = (
+        select(
             FactBilling.local_date,
             FactBilling.notifications_sent,
             this_rows_chargeable_units.label("chargeable_units"),
@@ -346,6 +345,7 @@ def query_service_sms_usage_for_year(service_id, year):
             free_allowance_used.label("free_allowance_used"),
             charged_units.label("charged_units"),
         )
+        .select_from(FactBilling)
         .join(AnnualBilling, AnnualBilling.service_id == service_id)
         .filter(
             FactBilling.service_id == service_id,
@@ -355,6 +355,7 @@ def query_service_sms_usage_for_year(service_id, year):
             AnnualBilling.financial_year_start == year,
         )
     )
+    return stmt
 
 
 def delete_billing_data_for_service_for_day(process_day, service_id):
diff --git a/app/service_invite/rest.py b/app/service_invite/rest.py
index f6d9627da..5728b3ed5 100644
--- a/app/service_invite/rest.py
+++ b/app/service_invite/rest.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def _create_service_invite(invited_user, invite_link_host):
     redis_store.set(
         f"email-personalisation-{saved_notification.id}",
         json.dumps(personalisation),
-        ex=2*24*60*60,
+        ex=2 * 24 * 60 * 60,
     )
     send_notification_to_queue(saved_notification, queue=QueueNames.NOTIFY)