diff --git a/app/authentication/auth.py b/app/authentication/auth.py
index 3d2ebdd5b..cf4ad6fb4 100644
--- a/app/authentication/auth.py
+++ b/app/authentication/auth.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ GENERAL_TOKEN_ERROR_MESSAGE = TOKEN_MESSAGE_ONE + TOKEN_MESSAGE_TWO
 
 class AuthError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, message, code, service_id=None, api_key_id=None):
+        super().__init__(message, code, service_id, api_key_id)
         self.message = {"token": [message]}
         self.short_message = message
         self.code = code
diff --git a/app/clients/document_download.py b/app/clients/document_download.py
index 7211d716d..c07829371 100644
--- a/app/clients/document_download.py
+++ b/app/clients/document_download.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from flask import current_app
 
 class DocumentDownloadError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, message, status_code):
+        super().__init__(message, status_code)
         self.message = message
         self.status_code = status_code
 
diff --git a/app/clients/sms/__init__.py b/app/clients/sms/__init__.py
index f3a366648..5eded7cc4 100644
--- a/app/clients/sms/__init__.py
+++ b/app/clients/sms/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class SmsClientResponseException(ClientException):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
         self.message = message
 
     def __str__(self):
diff --git a/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py b/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
index dcc9e1f76..ae5b6214e 100644
--- a/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
+++ b/app/dao/fact_billing_dao.py
@@ -699,7 +699,9 @@ def query_organization_sms_usage_for_year(organization_id, year):
     )
 
 
-def fetch_usage_year_for_organization(organization_id, year, include_all_services=False):
+def fetch_usage_year_for_organization(
+    organization_id, year, include_all_services=False
+):
     year_start, year_end = get_calendar_year_dates(year)
     today = utc_now().date()
 
diff --git a/app/dao/notifications_dao.py b/app/dao/notifications_dao.py
index cc8c29424..fcf802535 100644
--- a/app/dao/notifications_dao.py
+++ b/app/dao/notifications_dao.py
@@ -351,10 +351,7 @@ def dao_get_notification_counts_for_organization(service_ids, current_year):
     end_date = datetime(current_year + 1, 6, 16)
 
     stmt1 = (
-        select(
-            Notification.service_id,
-            func.count().label("count")
-        )
+        select(Notification.service_id, func.count().label("count"))
         .where(
             Notification.service_id.in_(service_ids),
             Notification.status
@@ -370,10 +367,7 @@ def dao_get_notification_counts_for_organization(service_ids, current_year):
     )
 
     stmt2 = (
-        select(
-            NotificationHistory.service_id,
-            func.count().label("count")
-        )
+        select(NotificationHistory.service_id, func.count().label("count"))
         .where(
             NotificationHistory.service_id.in_(service_ids),
             NotificationHistory.status
diff --git a/app/errors.py b/app/errors.py
index 10f88eac5..ae6efbb86 100644
--- a/app/errors.py
+++ b/app/errors.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class InvalidRequest(Exception):
     fields = []
 
     def __init__(self, message, status_code):
-        super().__init__()
+        super().__init__(message, status_code)
         self.message = message
         self.status_code = status_code
 
@@ -115,16 +115,20 @@ class TooManyRequestsError(InvalidRequest):
     status_code = 429
     message_template = "Exceeded send limits ({}) for today"
 
-    def __init__(self, sending_limit):
+    def __init__(self, sending_limit):  # noqa: B042
         self.message = self.message_template.format(sending_limit)
+        self.sending_limit = sending_limit
+        super().__init__(self.message, self.status_code)
 
 
 class TotalRequestsError(InvalidRequest):
     status_code = 429
     message_template = "Exceeded total application limits ({}) for today"
 
-    def __init__(self, sending_limit):
+    def __init__(self, sending_limit):  # noqa: B042
         self.message = self.message_template.format(sending_limit)
+        self.sending_limit = sending_limit
+        super().__init__(self.message, self.status_code)
 
 
 class RateLimitError(InvalidRequest):
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ class RateLimitError(InvalidRequest):
         "Exceeded rate limit for key type {} of {} requests per {} seconds"
     )
 
-    def __init__(self, sending_limit, interval, key_type):
+    def __init__(self, sending_limit, interval, key_type):  # noqa: B042
         # normal keys are spoken of as "live" in the documentation
         # so using this in the error messaging
         if key_type == KeyType.NORMAL:
@@ -142,12 +146,17 @@ class RateLimitError(InvalidRequest):
         self.message = self.message_template.format(
             key_type.upper(), sending_limit, interval
         )
+        self.sending_limit = sending_limit
+        self.interval = interval
+        self.key_type = key_type
+        super().__init__(self.message, self.status_code)
 
 
 class BadRequestError(InvalidRequest):
     message = "An error occurred"
 
-    def __init__(self, fields=None, message=None, status_code=400):
-        self.status_code = status_code
+    def __init__(self, fields=None, message=None, status_code=400):  # noqa: B042
         self.fields = fields or []
         self.message = message if message else self.message
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        super().__init__(self.message, self.status_code)
diff --git a/app/exceptions.py b/app/exceptions.py
index bfbcb87de..799b80dd7 100644
--- a/app/exceptions.py
+++ b/app/exceptions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 class DVLAException(Exception):
     def __init__(self, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
         self.message = message
 
 
diff --git a/app/organization/rest.py b/app/organization/rest.py
index 3296ff48f..bc7acd3b6 100644
--- a/app/organization/rest.py
+++ b/app/organization/rest.py
@@ -153,7 +153,9 @@ def get_organization_services_usage(organization_id):
         return jsonify(result="error", message="No valid year provided"), 400
     include_all = request.args.get("include_all_services", "false").lower() == "true"
 
-    services = fetch_usage_year_for_organization(organization_id, year, include_all_services=include_all)
+    services = fetch_usage_year_for_organization(
+        organization_id, year, include_all_services=include_all
+    )
     list_services = services.values()
     sorted_services = sorted(
         list_services, key=lambda s: (-s["active"], s["service_name"].lower())
@@ -266,7 +268,9 @@ def send_notifications_on_mou_signed(organization_id):
     )
 
 
-@organization_blueprint.route("/<uuid:organization_id>/message-allowance", methods=["GET"])
+@organization_blueprint.route(
+    "/<uuid:organization_id>/message-allowance", methods=["GET"]
+)
 def get_organization_message_allowance(organization_id):
 
     check_suspicious_id(organization_id)
@@ -276,11 +280,16 @@ def get_organization_message_allowance(organization_id):
     services = dao_get_organization_services(organization_id)
 
     if not services:
-        return jsonify({
-            "messages_sent": 0,
-            "messages_remaining": 0,
-            "total_message_limit": 0,
-        }), 200
+        return (
+            jsonify(
+                {
+                    "messages_sent": 0,
+                    "messages_remaining": 0,
+                    "total_message_limit": 0,
+                }
+            ),
+            200,
+        )
 
     current_year = datetime.now(tz=ZoneInfo("UTC")).year
     service_ids = [service.id for service in services]
@@ -293,8 +302,13 @@ def get_organization_message_allowance(organization_id):
     total_message_limit = sum(s.total_message_limit for s in services)
     total_messages_remaining = total_message_limit - total_messages_sent
 
-    return jsonify({
-        "messages_sent": total_messages_sent,
-        "messages_remaining": total_messages_remaining,
-        "total_message_limit": total_message_limit,
-    }), 200
+    return (
+        jsonify(
+            {
+                "messages_sent": total_messages_sent,
+                "messages_remaining": total_messages_remaining,
+                "total_message_limit": total_message_limit,
+            }
+        ),
+        200,
+    )
diff --git a/notifications_python_client/errors.py b/notifications_python_client/errors.py
index 430123684..d6f7c454a 100644
--- a/notifications_python_client/errors.py
+++ b/notifications_python_client/errors.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class TokenError(Exception):
             else TOKEN_ERROR_DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE
         )
         self.token = token
+        super().__init__(self.message, token)
 
 
 class TokenExpiredError(TokenError):
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ class APIError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, response: Response = None, message: str = None):
         self.response = response
         self._message = message
+        super().__init__(response, message)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return f"{self.status_code} - {self.message}"
diff --git a/notifications_utils/clients/antivirus/antivirus_client.py b/notifications_utils/clients/antivirus/antivirus_client.py
index affe8f27e..9bbd90bd0 100644
--- a/notifications_utils/clients/antivirus/antivirus_client.py
+++ b/notifications_utils/clients/antivirus/antivirus_client.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from flask import current_app
 
 class AntivirusError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, message=None, status_code=None):
+        super().__init__(message, status_code)
         self.message = message
         self.status_code = status_code
 
diff --git a/notifications_utils/clients/zendesk/zendesk_client.py b/notifications_utils/clients/zendesk/zendesk_client.py
index c5c2c5d02..be13c85d0 100644
--- a/notifications_utils/clients/zendesk/zendesk_client.py
+++ b/notifications_utils/clients/zendesk/zendesk_client.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from flask import current_app
 
 class ZendeskError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, response):
+        super().__init__(str(response))
         self.response = response
 
 
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 54c84ff95..b9b57530d 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.2.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.1.3 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aiohappyeyeballs"
@@ -1527,19 +1527,19 @@ pyflakes = ">=3.4.0,<3.5.0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8-bugbear"
-version = "24.12.12"
+version = "25.10.21"
 description = "A plugin for flake8 finding likely bugs and design problems in your program. Contains warnings that don't belong in pyflakes and pycodestyle."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8.1"
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "flake8_bugbear-24.12.12-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1b6967436f65ca22a42e5373aaa6f2d87966ade9aa38d4baf2a1be550767545e"},
-    {file = "flake8_bugbear-24.12.12.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:46273cef0a6b6ff48ca2d69e472f41420a42a46e24b2a8972e4f0d6733d12a64"},
+    {file = "flake8_bugbear-25.10.21-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f1c5654f9d9d3e62e90da1f0335551fdbc565c51749713177dbcfb9edb105405"},
+    {file = "flake8_bugbear-25.10.21.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2876afcaed8bfb3464cf33e3ec42cc3bec0a004165b84400dc3392b0547c2714"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 attrs = ">=22.2.0"
-flake8 = ">=6.0.0"
+flake8 = ">=7.2.0"
 
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["coverage", "hypothesis", "hypothesmith (>=0.2)", "pre-commit", "pytest", "tox"]
@@ -5926,4 +5926,4 @@ cffi = ["cffi (>=1.17,<2.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\" and pyt
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = "^3.13.2"
-content-hash = "66d1fa0da9127a0c439a29ac4a8fdd83f9d3e9ae5c062a3441c6225ef534eed9"
+content-hash = "ace53071110003d43f585c505356b2abb531eaf5196ea1669e2ed2ed7ffc9fb3"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d8a8c205d..5ef0bbc5e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ cyclonedx-python-lib = "^11.4.0"
 cloudfoundry-client = "*"
 exceptiongroup = "==1.3.0"
 flake8 = "^7.3.0"
-flake8-bugbear = "^24.12.12"
+flake8-bugbear = "^25.10.21"
 freezegun = "^1.5.5"
 hypothesis = "^6.142.3"
 honcho = "*"
diff --git a/tests/app/organization/test_rest.py b/tests/app/organization/test_rest.py
index 698fbe3c3..48ad241c4 100644
--- a/tests/app/organization/test_rest.py
+++ b/tests/app/organization/test_rest.py
@@ -963,7 +963,9 @@ def test_get_organization_message_allowance(admin_request, sample_organization,
     mock_get_counts.assert_called_once_with([service_1.id, service_2.id], 2025)
 
 
-def test_get_organization_message_allowance_no_services(admin_request, sample_organization):
+def test_get_organization_message_allowance_no_services(
+    admin_request, sample_organization
+):
     response = admin_request.get(
         "organization.get_organization_message_allowance",
         organization_id=sample_organization.id,