Do extra code style checks with flake8-bugbear

Flake8 Bugbear checks for some extra things that aren’t code style
errors, but are likely to introduce bugs or unexpected behaviour. A
good example is having mutable default function arguments, which get
shared between every call to the function and therefore mutating a value
in one place can unexpectedly cause it to change in another.

This commit enables all the extra warnings provided by Flake8 Bugbear,
except for:
- the line length one (because we already lint for that separately)
- B903 Data class should either be immutable or use `__slots__` because
  this seems to false-positive on some of our custom exceptions
- B902 Invalid first argument 'cls' used for instance method because
  some SQLAlchemy decorators (eg `declared_attr`) make things that
  aren’t formally class methods take a class not an instance as their
  first argument

It disables:
- _B306: BaseException.message is removed in Python 3_ because I think
  our exceptions have a custom structure that means the `.message`
  attribute is still present

Matches the work done in other repos:
- https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/pull/3172/files

tests/app/upload/test_rest.py

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def test_get_uploaded_letters_by_print_date(admin_request, sample_template):
 def test_get_uploaded_letters_by_print_date_paginates(admin_request, sample_template):
     letter_template = create_precompiled_template(sample_template.service)
 
-    for i in range(101):
+    for _ in range(101):
         create_uploaded_letter(
             letter_template, sample_template.service, status='delivered',
             created_at=datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(minutes=1)