Do extra code style checks with flake8-bugbear

Flake8 Bugbear checks for some extra things that aren’t code style
errors, but are likely to introduce bugs or unexpected behaviour. A
good example is having mutable default function arguments, which get
shared between every call to the function and therefore mutating a value
in one place can unexpectedly cause it to change in another.

This commit enables all the extra warnings provided by Flake8 Bugbear,
except for:
- the line length one (because we already lint for that separately)
- B903 Data class should either be immutable or use `__slots__` because
  this seems to false-positive on some of our custom exceptions
- B902 Invalid first argument 'cls' used for instance method because
  some SQLAlchemy decorators (eg `declared_attr`) make things that
  aren’t formally class methods take a class not an instance as their
  first argument

It disables:
- _B306: BaseException.message is removed in Python 3_ because I think
  our exceptions have a custom structure that means the `.message`
  attribute is still present

Matches the work done in other repos:
- https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/pull/3172/files

tests/app/notifications/test_process_notification.py

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def test_persist_notification_with_optionals(sample_job, sample_api_key):
     assert NotificationHistory.query.count() == 0
     persisted_notification = Notification.query.all()[0]
     assert persisted_notification.id == n_id
-    persisted_notification.job_id == sample_job.id
+    assert persisted_notification.job_id == sample_job.id
     assert persisted_notification.job_row_number == 10
     assert persisted_notification.created_at == created_at