Do extra code style checks with flake8-bugbear

Flake8 Bugbear checks for some extra things that aren’t code style
errors, but are likely to introduce bugs or unexpected behaviour. A
good example is having mutable default function arguments, which get
shared between every call to the function and therefore mutating a value
in one place can unexpectedly cause it to change in another.

This commit enables all the extra warnings provided by Flake8 Bugbear,
except for:
- the line length one (because we already lint for that separately)
- B903 Data class should either be immutable or use `__slots__` because
  this seems to false-positive on some of our custom exceptions
- B902 Invalid first argument 'cls' used for instance method because
  some SQLAlchemy decorators (eg `declared_attr`) make things that
  aren’t formally class methods take a class not an instance as their
  first argument

It disables:
- _B306: BaseException.message is removed in Python 3_ because I think
  our exceptions have a custom structure that means the `.message`
  attribute is still present

Matches the work done in other repos:
- https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/pull/3172/files

app/schema_validation/__init__.py

@@ -104,8 +104,9 @@ def __format_message(e):
             error_path = e.path.popleft()
             # no need to catch IndexError exception explicity as
             # error_path is None if e.path has no items
-        finally:
-            return error_path
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return error_path
 
     def get_error_message(e):
         # e.cause is an exception (such as InvalidPhoneError). if it's not present it was a standard jsonschema error