Support registering a new authenticator

This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the
"navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET
API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function,
and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While
the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode
some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON.

Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2].

Implementation notes:

- There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but
window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is
also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue.

- Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't
have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need
to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data.

- The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in
the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it
needs to be initialised with the app / config.

- $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()"
elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've
gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests.

- WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost"
[4].  However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable
origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work.

[1]: c42d9628a4/examples/server/server.py
[2]: c42d9628a4/examples/server/static/register.html
[3]: 91453d3639/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js (L33)
[4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server
[5]: c42d9628a4/fido2/rpid.py (L69)
[6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer

tests/app/main/views/test_webauthn_credentials.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import pytest
+from fido2 import cbor
+from flask import url_for
+
+from app import webauthn_server
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('endpoint', [
+    'webauthn_begin_register',
+])
+def test_register_forbidden_for_non_platform_admins(
+    client_request,
+    endpoint,
+):
+    client_request.get(f'main.{endpoint}', _expected_status=403)
+
+
+def test_begin_register_returns_encoded_options(
+    app_,
+    mocker,
+    platform_admin_user,
+    platform_admin_client,
+):
+    # override base URL so it's consistent on CI and locally
+    mocker.patch.dict(
+        app_.config,
+        values={'ADMIN_BASE_URL': 'http://localhost:6012'}
+    )
+    webauthn_server.init_app(app_)
+
+    response = platform_admin_client.get(
+        url_for('main.webauthn_begin_register')
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+    webauthn_options = cbor.decode(response.data)['publicKey']
+    assert webauthn_options['attestation'] == 'direct'
+    assert webauthn_options['timeout'] == 30_000
+
+    auth_selection = webauthn_options['authenticatorSelection']
+    assert auth_selection['authenticatorAttachment'] == 'cross-platform'
+    assert auth_selection['userVerification'] == 'discouraged'
+
+    user_options = webauthn_options['user']
+    assert user_options['name'] == platform_admin_user['email_address']
+    assert user_options['id'] == bytes(platform_admin_user['id'], 'utf-8')
+
+    relying_party_options = webauthn_options['rp']
+    assert relying_party_options['name'] == 'GOV.UK Notify'
+    assert relying_party_options['id'] == 'localhost'
+
+
+def test_begin_register_stores_state_in_session(
+    platform_admin_client,
+):
+    platform_admin_client.get(
+        url_for('main.webauthn_begin_register')
+    )
+
+    with platform_admin_client.session_transaction() as session:
+        assert session['webauthn_registration_state'] is not None
+
+
+def test_complete_register_creates_credential(
+    platform_admin_user,
+    platform_admin_client,
+    mocker,
+):
+    with platform_admin_client.session_transaction() as session:
+        session['webauthn_registration_state'] = 'state'
+
+    user_api_mock = mocker.patch(
+        'app.user_api_client.create_webauthn_credential_for_user'
+    )
+
+    credential_mock = mocker.patch(
+        'app.models.webauthn_credential.WebAuthnCredential.from_registration',
+        return_value='cred'
+    )
+
+    response = platform_admin_client.post(
+        url_for('main.webauthn_complete_register'),
+        data=cbor.encode('public_key_credential'),
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    credential_mock.assert_called_once_with('state', 'public_key_credential')
+    user_api_mock.assert_called_once_with(platform_admin_user['id'], 'cred')
+
+
+def test_complete_register_clears_session(
+    platform_admin_client,
+    mocker,
+):
+    with platform_admin_client.session_transaction() as session:
+        session['webauthn_registration_state'] = 'state'
+
+    mocker.patch('app.user_api_client.create_webauthn_credential_for_user')
+    mocker.patch('app.models.webauthn_credential.WebAuthnCredential.from_registration')
+
+    platform_admin_client.post(
+        url_for('main.webauthn_complete_register'),
+        data=cbor.encode('public_key_credential'),
+    )
+
+    with platform_admin_client.session_transaction() as session:
+        assert 'webauthn_registration_state' not in session