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notifications-admin/app/models/webauthn_credential.py

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Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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import base64
from fido2 import cbor
from fido2.client import ClientData
Handle errors when registration fails Previously we would raise a 500 error in a variety of cases: - If a second key was being registered simultaneously (e.g. in a separate tab), which means the registration state could be missing after the first registration completes. That smells like an attack. - If the server-side verification failed e.g. origin verification, challenge verification, etc. The library seems to use 'ValueError' for all such errors [1] (after auditing its 'raise' statements, and excluding AttestationError [2], since we're not doing that). - If a key is used that attempts to sign with an unsupported algorithm. This would normally raise a NotImplemented error as part of verifying attestation [3], but we don't do that, so we need to verify the algorithm is supported by the library manually. This adds error handling to return a 400 response and error message in these cases, since the error is not unexpected (i.e. not a 500). A 400 seems more appropriate than a 403, since in many cases it's not clear if the request data is valid. I've used CBOR for the transport encoding, to match the successful request / response encoding. Note that the ordering of then/catch matters in JS - we don't want to catch our own throws! [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/142587b3e698ca0e253c78d75758fda635cac51a/fido2/server.py#L255 [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/attestation/base.py#L39 [3]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/cose.py#L92
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from fido2.cose import UnsupportedKey
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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from fido2.ctap2 import AttestationObject, AttestedCredentialData
from flask import current_app
from app.models import JSONModel, ModelList
from app.notify_client.user_api_client import user_api_client
Handle errors when registration fails Previously we would raise a 500 error in a variety of cases: - If a second key was being registered simultaneously (e.g. in a separate tab), which means the registration state could be missing after the first registration completes. That smells like an attack. - If the server-side verification failed e.g. origin verification, challenge verification, etc. The library seems to use 'ValueError' for all such errors [1] (after auditing its 'raise' statements, and excluding AttestationError [2], since we're not doing that). - If a key is used that attempts to sign with an unsupported algorithm. This would normally raise a NotImplemented error as part of verifying attestation [3], but we don't do that, so we need to verify the algorithm is supported by the library manually. This adds error handling to return a 400 response and error message in these cases, since the error is not unexpected (i.e. not a 500). A 400 seems more appropriate than a 403, since in many cases it's not clear if the request data is valid. I've used CBOR for the transport encoding, to match the successful request / response encoding. Note that the ordering of then/catch matters in JS - we don't want to catch our own throws! [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/142587b3e698ca0e253c78d75758fda635cac51a/fido2/server.py#L255 [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/attestation/base.py#L39 [3]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/cose.py#L92
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class RegistrationError(Exception):
pass
class WebAuthnCredential(JSONModel):
ALLOWED_PROPERTIES = {
'id',
'name',
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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'credential_data', # contains public key and credential ID for auth
'registration_response', # sent to API for later auditing (not used)
'created_at',
'updated_at'
}
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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@classmethod
def from_registration(cls, state, response):
server = current_app.webauthn_server
Handle errors when registration fails Previously we would raise a 500 error in a variety of cases: - If a second key was being registered simultaneously (e.g. in a separate tab), which means the registration state could be missing after the first registration completes. That smells like an attack. - If the server-side verification failed e.g. origin verification, challenge verification, etc. The library seems to use 'ValueError' for all such errors [1] (after auditing its 'raise' statements, and excluding AttestationError [2], since we're not doing that). - If a key is used that attempts to sign with an unsupported algorithm. This would normally raise a NotImplemented error as part of verifying attestation [3], but we don't do that, so we need to verify the algorithm is supported by the library manually. This adds error handling to return a 400 response and error message in these cases, since the error is not unexpected (i.e. not a 500). A 400 seems more appropriate than a 403, since in many cases it's not clear if the request data is valid. I've used CBOR for the transport encoding, to match the successful request / response encoding. Note that the ordering of then/catch matters in JS - we don't want to catch our own throws! [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/142587b3e698ca0e253c78d75758fda635cac51a/fido2/server.py#L255 [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/attestation/base.py#L39 [3]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/cose.py#L92
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try:
auth_data = server.register_complete(
state,
ClientData(response["clientDataJSON"]),
AttestationObject(response["attestationObject"]),
)
except ValueError as e:
raise RegistrationError(e)
if isinstance(auth_data.credential_data.public_key, UnsupportedKey):
raise RegistrationError("Encryption algorithm not supported")
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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return cls({
'name': 'Unnamed key',
'credential_data': base64.b64encode(
cbor.encode(auth_data.credential_data),
).decode('utf-8'),
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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'registration_response': base64.b64encode(
cbor.encode(response),
).decode('utf-8')
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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})
def to_credential_data(self):
return AttestedCredentialData(
cbor.decode(base64.b64decode(self.credential_data.encode()))
Support registering a new authenticator This adds Yubico's FIDO2 library and two APIs for working with the "navigator.credentials.create()" function in JavaScript. The GET API uses the library to generate options for the "create()" function, and the POST API decodes and verifies the resulting credential. While the options and response are dict-like, CBOR is necessary to encode some of the byte-level values, which can't be represented in JSON. Much of the code here is based on the Yubico library example [1][2]. Implementation notes: - There are definitely better ways to alert the user about failure, but window.alert() will do for the time being. Using location.reload() is also a bit jarring if the page scrolls, but not a major issue. - Ideally we would use window.fetch() to do AJAX calls, but we don't have a polyfill for this, and we use $.ajax() elsewhere [3]. We need to do a few weird tricks [6] to stop jQuery trashing the data. - The FIDO2 server doesn't serve web requests; it's just a "server" in the sense of WebAuthn terminology. It lives in its own module, since it needs to be initialised with the app / config. - $.ajax returns a promise-like object. Although we've used ".fail()" elsewhere [3], I couldn't find a stub object that supports it, so I've gone for ".catch()", and used a Promise stub object in tests. - WebAuthn only works over HTTPS, but there's an exception for "localhost" [4]. However, the library is a bit too strict [5], so we have to disable origin verification to avoid needing HTTPS for dev work. [1]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/server.py [2]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/examples/server/static/register.html [3]: https://github.com/alphagov/notifications-admin/blob/91453d36395b7a0cf2998dfb8a5f52cc9e96640f/app/assets/javascripts/updateContent.js#L33 [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55971593/navigator-credentials-is-null-on-local-server [5]: https://github.com/Yubico/python-fido2/blob/c42d9628a4f33d20c4401096fa8d3fc466d5b77f/fido2/rpid.py#L69 [6]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12394622/does-jquery-ajax-or-load-allow-for-responsetype-arraybuffer
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)
def serialize(self):
return {
'name': self.name,
'credential_data': self.credential_data,
'registration_response': self.registration_response,
}
class WebAuthnCredentials(ModelList):
model = WebAuthnCredential
client_method = user_api_client.get_webauthn_credentials_for_user
@property
def as_cbor(self):
return [credential.to_credential_data() for credential in self]
def by_id(self, key_id):
return next((key for key in self if key.id == key_id), None)