diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/cicd.yaml b/.gitea/workflows/cicd.yaml
index f9d0b79..9354252 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/cicd.yaml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/cicd.yaml
@@ -132,12 +132,13 @@ jobs:
 
           if retry_cmd 5 3 env GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" \
             git fetch --depth 1 origin "${HEAD_SHA}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-            git checkout FETCH_HEAD -- Dockerfile.cicd-base .dockerignore scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+            git checkout FETCH_HEAD -- Dockerfile.cicd-base .dockerignore scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
           else
-            git checkout HEAD -- Dockerfile.cicd-base .dockerignore scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+            git checkout HEAD -- Dockerfile.cicd-base .dockerignore scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
           fi
 
           chmod +x scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+          chmod +x scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
 
       - name: Compute base hash and inspect registry
         id: base-state
@@ -241,9 +242,19 @@ jobs:
           echo "${PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY}" -u "${REGISTRY_USER}" --password-stdin
 
           PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_MIRROR_TAG="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/playwright-browsers:v1.56.1-jammy"
-          retry_registry_op pull "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_MIRROR_TAG}" 5 3
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_UPSTREAM_TAG="mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.56.1-jammy"
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_LOCAL_TAG="$(./scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh \
+            --image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_MIRROR_TAG}" \
+            --mirror-image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_MIRROR_TAG}" \
+            --upstream-image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_UPSTREAM_TAG}" \
+            --registry-user "${REGISTRY_USER}" \
+            --registry-password-env PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN)"
 
-          PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_IMAGE=$(docker image inspect --format='{{index .RepoDigests 0}}' "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_MIRROR_TAG}")
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_IMAGE="$({ docker image inspect --format '{{range .RepoDigests}}{{println .}}{{end}}' "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_LOCAL_TAG}" | head -n 1; } || true)"
+          if [ -z "${PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_IMAGE}" ]; then
+            echo "❌ Unable to resolve Playwright browsers digest reference"
+            exit 1
+          fi
 
           docker build --progress=plain -f Dockerfile.cicd-base \
             --build-arg BASE_IMAGE_VERSION="v1.0.0-${BASE_HASH}" \
@@ -340,11 +351,12 @@ jobs:
 
           if retry_cmd 5 3 env GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" \
             git fetch --depth 1 origin "${HEAD_SHA}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-            git checkout FETCH_HEAD -- .dockerignore Dockerfile.cicd Dockerfile.cicd-base scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+            git checkout FETCH_HEAD -- .dockerignore Dockerfile.cicd Dockerfile.cicd-base scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
           else
-            git checkout HEAD -- .dockerignore Dockerfile.cicd Dockerfile.cicd-base scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+            git checkout HEAD -- .dockerignore Dockerfile.cicd Dockerfile.cicd-base scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
           fi
           chmod +x scripts/compute-cicd-base-hash.sh
+          chmod +x scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
 
       - name: Build and push complete CICD image
         env:
@@ -1061,7 +1073,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
-          PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/playwright-browsers:v1.56.1-jammy"
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE_MIRROR="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/playwright-browsers:v1.56.1-jammy"
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE_UPSTREAM="mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.56.1-jammy"
 
           retry_base_pull() {
             image_ref="$1"
@@ -1130,6 +1143,13 @@ jobs:
           E2E_TESTER_TAG_REF="${E2E_TESTER_REPO}:${HEAD_SHA}"
           E2E_TESTER_CACHE_REF="${E2E_TESTER_REPO}:cache"
 
+          PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE="$(./scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh \
+            --image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --mirror-image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --upstream-image "${PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE_UPSTREAM}" \
+            --registry-user "${REGISTRY_USER}" \
+            --registry-password-env PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN)"
+
           retry_base_pull "${PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_IMAGE}" 6 5
           retry_registry_op pull "${E2E_TESTER_CACHE_REF}" 5 3 || true
           DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --pull=false -f Dockerfile.e2e-tester \
@@ -1574,6 +1594,9 @@ jobs:
           COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME="plex-int-${RUN_ID}-${RUN_ATTEMPT}"
           DB_PASSWORD="plex_password"
           DB_URL="postgresql://plex_user:${DB_PASSWORD}@database:5432/plex_playlist"
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/postgres:16-alpine"
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE_UPSTREAM="docker.io/library/postgres:16-alpine"
+          RESOLVER_PATH="/tmp/resolve-mirrored-image.sh"
 
           if ! command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
             echo "❌ Docker is required"
@@ -1584,10 +1607,25 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
+          echo "${{ secrets.PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY}" -u "${{ github.actor }}" --password-stdin
+
+          RESOLVER_SOURCE_IMAGE="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/plex-playlist-cicd:${HEAD_SHA}"
+          RESOLVER_CONTAINER="$(docker create "${RESOLVER_SOURCE_IMAGE}")"
+          docker cp "${RESOLVER_CONTAINER}:/workspace/scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh" "${RESOLVER_PATH}"
+          docker rm -f "${RESOLVER_CONTAINER}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          chmod +x "${RESOLVER_PATH}"
+
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE="$(${RESOLVER_PATH} \
+            --image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --mirror-image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --upstream-image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_UPSTREAM}" \
+            --registry-user "${{ github.actor }}" \
+            --registry-password-env PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN)"
+
           cat >"${COMPOSE_FILE}" <<'EOF'
           services:
             database:
-              image: postgres:16-alpine
+              image: ${POSTGRES_IMAGE}
               environment:
                 POSTGRES_DB: plex_playlist
                 POSTGRES_USER: plex_user
@@ -1694,8 +1732,6 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
             fi
 
-            echo "${{ secrets.PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY}" -u "${{ github.actor }}" --password-stdin
-
             retry_registry_op pull "${DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_TAG_REF}" 5 3
             retry_registry_op pull "${DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_DIGEST_REF}" 5 3
 
@@ -1722,7 +1758,7 @@ jobs:
             echo "Resolved deployable backend tag: ${DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_TAG_REF}"
             echo "Resolved deployable backend digest: ${EXPECTED_DIGEST_REF}"
 
-            export DB_PASSWORD DB_URL DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_IMAGE="${EXPECTED_DIGEST_REF}"
+            export DB_PASSWORD DB_URL POSTGRES_IMAGE DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_IMAGE="${EXPECTED_DIGEST_REF}"
 
             docker compose -p "${COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME}" -f "${COMPOSE_FILE}" up -d database backend
 
@@ -1852,6 +1888,9 @@ jobs:
           DB_PASSWORD="plex_password"
           DB_URL="postgresql://plex_user:${DB_PASSWORD}@database:5432/plex_playlist"
           E2E_REPO_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/postgres:16-alpine"
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE_UPSTREAM="docker.io/library/postgres:16-alpine"
+          RESOLVER_PATH="/tmp/resolve-mirrored-image.sh"
 
           if ! command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
             echo "❌ Docker is required"
@@ -1862,10 +1901,25 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
+          echo "${{ secrets.PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY}" -u "${{ github.actor }}" --password-stdin
+
+          RESOLVER_SOURCE_IMAGE="${GITEA_REGISTRY}/darkhelm.org/plex-playlist-cicd:${HEAD_SHA}"
+          RESOLVER_CONTAINER="$(docker create "${RESOLVER_SOURCE_IMAGE}")"
+          docker cp "${RESOLVER_CONTAINER}:/workspace/scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh" "${RESOLVER_PATH}"
+          docker rm -f "${RESOLVER_CONTAINER}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          chmod +x "${RESOLVER_PATH}"
+
+          POSTGRES_IMAGE="$(${RESOLVER_PATH} \
+            --image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --mirror-image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_MIRROR}" \
+            --upstream-image "${POSTGRES_IMAGE_UPSTREAM}" \
+            --registry-user "${{ github.actor }}" \
+            --registry-password-env PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN)"
+
           cat >"${COMPOSE_FILE}" <<'EOF'
           services:
             database:
-              image: postgres:16-alpine
+              image: ${POSTGRES_IMAGE}
               environment:
                 POSTGRES_DB: plex_playlist
                 POSTGRES_USER: plex_user
@@ -2028,7 +2082,6 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
-          echo "${{ secrets.PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY}" -u "${{ github.actor }}" --password-stdin
           retry_registry_op pull "${DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_TAG_REF}" 5 3
           retry_registry_op pull "${DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_DIGEST_REF}" 5 3
           retry_registry_op pull "${DEPLOYABLE_FRONTEND_TAG_REF}" 5 3
@@ -2077,7 +2130,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Resolved deployable backend digest: ${EXPECTED_BACKEND_DIGEST_REF}"
           echo "Resolved deployable frontend digest: ${EXPECTED_FRONTEND_DIGEST_REF}"
 
-          export DB_PASSWORD DB_URL E2E_ARTIFACT_DIR="${ARTIFACT_DIR}"
+          export DB_PASSWORD DB_URL POSTGRES_IMAGE E2E_ARTIFACT_DIR="${ARTIFACT_DIR}"
           export DEPLOYABLE_BACKEND_IMAGE="${EXPECTED_BACKEND_DIGEST_REF}"
           export DEPLOYABLE_FRONTEND_IMAGE="${EXPECTED_FRONTEND_DIGEST_REF}"
 
diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/renovate.yml b/.gitea/workflows/renovate.yml
index 4ee14cb..014db65 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/renovate.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/renovate.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ jobs:
           RENOVATE_IMAGE_FALLBACK: ghcr.io/renovatebot/renovate:41
           GITEA_REGISTRY_HOST: kankali.darkhelm.lan
           GITEA_REGISTRY_IP: 10.18.75.2
+          PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          REGISTRY_USER: ${{ github.actor }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -60,17 +62,78 @@ jobs:
             echo "${GITEA_REGISTRY_IP} ${GITEA_REGISTRY_HOST}" >> /etc/hosts
           fi
 
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN:-}" ] && [ -n "${REGISTRY_USER:-}" ]; then
+            echo "${PACKAGE_ACCESS_TOKEN}" | docker login "http://${GITEA_REGISTRY_HOST}:3001" -u "${REGISTRY_USER}" --password-stdin >/dev/null || true
+          fi
+
+          extract_remote_digest_buildx() {
+            image_ref="$1"
+            digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image_ref}" --format '{{json .Manifest.Digest}}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+            digest="${digest//\"/}"
+            digest="${digest//$'\n'/}"
+            digest="${digest//$'\r'/}"
+            digest="${digest// /}"
+            if [[ "${digest}" == sha256:* ]]; then
+              printf '%s\n' "${digest}"
+              return 0
+            fi
+            return 1
+          }
+
+          extract_remote_digest_manifest() {
+            image_ref="$1"
+            digest="$(docker manifest inspect "${image_ref}" 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*"digest"[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p' | head -n 1 || true)"
+            if [[ "${digest}" == sha256:* ]]; then
+              printf '%s\n' "${digest}"
+              return 0
+            fi
+            return 1
+          }
+
+          remote_digest() {
+            image_ref="$1"
+            if [[ "${image_ref}" == *@sha256:* ]]; then
+              printf '%s\n' "${image_ref##*@}"
+              return 0
+            fi
+            extract_remote_digest_buildx "${image_ref}" || extract_remote_digest_manifest "${image_ref}"
+          }
+
+          local_digest_matches() {
+            image_ref="$1"
+            digest="$2"
+            docker image inspect --format '{{range .RepoDigests}}{{println .}}{{end}}' "${image_ref}" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "@${digest}$"
+          }
+
+          resolve_candidate() {
+            image_ref="$1"
+
+            if docker image inspect "${image_ref}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              if digest="$(remote_digest "${image_ref}")"; then
+                if local_digest_matches "${image_ref}" "${digest}"; then
+                  echo "Using cached current image: ${image_ref}" >&2
+                  printf '%s\n' "${image_ref}"
+                  return 0
+                fi
+                echo "Cached image is stale for ${image_ref}; refreshing" >&2
+              else
+                echo "Remote digest unavailable for ${image_ref}; attempting refresh pull" >&2
+              fi
+            fi
+
+            if retry_cmd 3 15 docker pull "${image_ref}" >/dev/null; then
+              printf '%s\n' "${image_ref}"
+              return 0
+            fi
+
+            return 1
+          }
+
           pick_renovate_image() {
             for candidate in "${RENOVATE_IMAGE_PRIMARY}" "${RENOVATE_IMAGE_FALLBACK}"; do
               echo "Trying Renovate image candidate: ${candidate}" >&2
 
-              if docker image inspect "${candidate}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-                echo "Using cached Renovate image: ${candidate}" >&2
-                printf '%s\n' "${candidate}"
-                return 0
-              fi
-
-              if retry_cmd 3 15 docker pull "${candidate}" >/dev/null; then
+              if resolve_candidate "${candidate}" >/dev/null; then
                 printf '%s\n' "${candidate}"
                 return 0
               fi
diff --git a/scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh b/scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..18ce851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/resolve-mirrored-image.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: resolve-mirrored-image.sh --image <upstream-or-primary-image> [options]
+
+Required:
+  --image IMAGE                 Desired image reference to use locally.
+
+Optional:
+  --mirror-image IMAGE          Mirror image reference to check/pull/push.
+  --upstream-image IMAGE        Upstream source image to import into mirror when mirror is missing.
+  --registry-user USER          Registry username for mirror auth.
+  --registry-password-env VAR   Environment variable name containing mirror registry password/token.
+  --disable-remote-digest-check Skip remote digest freshness check for local images.
+  --local-only                  Only verify local presence; do not pull.
+  --quiet                       Suppress informational output except final image ref.
+
+Behavior:
+  1. If IMAGE exists locally and matches remote digest, use it.
+  2. Otherwise try to pull IMAGE.
+  3. If IMAGE pull fails and MIRROR_IMAGE is set, resolve via MIRROR_IMAGE.
+  4. If MIRROR_IMAGE is missing and UPSTREAM_IMAGE is set, pull upstream, push mirror, then use mirror.
+  5. Prints the resolved local image reference on stdout.
+EOF
+}
+
+log() {
+  if [[ "${QUIET}" != "true" ]]; then
+    echo "$*" >&2
+  fi
+}
+
+require_arg() {
+  local value="$1"
+  local name="$2"
+  if [[ -z "${value}" ]]; then
+    echo "Missing required argument: ${name}" >&2
+    usage >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+login_if_needed() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  local registry password_var password
+
+  registry="${image_ref%%/*}"
+  if [[ -z "${registry}" || "${registry}" == "${image_ref}" ]]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -z "${REGISTRY_USER}" || -z "${REGISTRY_PASSWORD_ENV}" ]]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  password_var="${REGISTRY_PASSWORD_ENV}"
+  password="${!password_var:-}"
+  if [[ -z "${password}" ]]; then
+    log "Skipping docker login for ${registry}: env ${password_var} is empty"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -n "${LOGGED_IN_REGISTRIES[${registry}]:-}" ]]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  log "Logging into ${registry}"
+  printf '%s' "${password}" | docker login "http://${registry}" -u "${REGISTRY_USER}" --password-stdin >/dev/null
+  LOGGED_IN_REGISTRIES["${registry}"]=1
+}
+
+image_present_locally() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  docker image inspect "${image_ref}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+is_digest_pinned_ref() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  [[ "${image_ref}" == *@sha256:* ]]
+}
+
+extract_remote_digest_buildx() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  local digest
+
+  if ! digest="$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${image_ref}" --format '{{json .Manifest.Digest}}' 2>/dev/null)"; then
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  digest="${digest//\"/}"
+  digest="${digest//$'\n'/}"
+  digest="${digest//$'\r'/}"
+  digest="${digest// /}"
+
+  if [[ "${digest}" == sha256:* ]]; then
+    printf '%s\n' "${digest}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+extract_remote_digest_manifest() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  local digest
+
+  if ! digest="$(docker manifest inspect "${image_ref}" 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*"digest"[[:space:]]*:[[:space:]]*"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p' | head -n 1)"; then
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "${digest}" == sha256:* ]]; then
+    printf '%s\n' "${digest}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+get_remote_digest() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+
+  if is_digest_pinned_ref "${image_ref}"; then
+    printf '%s\n' "${image_ref##*@}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if extract_remote_digest_buildx "${image_ref}"; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if extract_remote_digest_manifest "${image_ref}"; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+local_image_matches_digest() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  local digest="$2"
+
+  docker image inspect --format '{{range .RepoDigests}}{{println .}}{{end}}' "${image_ref}" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "@${digest}$"
+}
+
+pull_image() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  login_if_needed "${image_ref}"
+  docker pull "${image_ref}" >/dev/null
+}
+
+resolve_reference() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  local remote_digest
+
+  if image_present_locally "${image_ref}"; then
+    if [[ "${DISABLE_REMOTE_DIGEST_CHECK}" == "true" ]] || [[ "${LOCAL_ONLY}" == "true" ]] || is_digest_pinned_ref "${image_ref}"; then
+      log "Using locally cached image ${image_ref}"
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    login_if_needed "${image_ref}"
+    if remote_digest="$(get_remote_digest "${image_ref}")"; then
+      if local_image_matches_digest "${image_ref}" "${remote_digest}"; then
+        log "Using local image ${image_ref}; remote digest matches (${remote_digest})"
+        return 0
+      fi
+      log "Local image ${image_ref} is stale; expected remote digest ${remote_digest}"
+    else
+      log "Unable to determine remote digest for ${image_ref}; attempting pull refresh"
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "${LOCAL_ONLY}" == "true" ]]; then
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if pull_image "${image_ref}"; then
+    log "Pulled image ${image_ref}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+mirror_available() {
+  local image_ref="$1"
+  if pull_image "${image_ref}"; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+  return 1
+}
+
+promote_upstream_to_mirror() {
+  require_arg "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" "--upstream-image"
+  require_arg "${MIRROR_IMAGE}" "--mirror-image"
+
+  log "Pulling upstream image ${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}"
+  docker pull "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" >/dev/null
+
+  login_if_needed "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+  log "Tagging ${UPSTREAM_IMAGE} as ${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+  docker tag "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+  log "Pushing ${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${MIRROR_IMAGE}" >/dev/null
+}
+
+IMAGE=""
+MIRROR_IMAGE=""
+UPSTREAM_IMAGE=""
+REGISTRY_USER=""
+REGISTRY_PASSWORD_ENV=""
+DISABLE_REMOTE_DIGEST_CHECK="false"
+LOCAL_ONLY="false"
+QUIET="false"
+declare -A LOGGED_IN_REGISTRIES=()
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --image)
+      IMAGE="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --mirror-image)
+      MIRROR_IMAGE="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --upstream-image)
+      UPSTREAM_IMAGE="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --registry-user)
+      REGISTRY_USER="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --registry-password-env)
+      REGISTRY_PASSWORD_ENV="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --disable-remote-digest-check)
+      DISABLE_REMOTE_DIGEST_CHECK="true"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    --local-only)
+      LOCAL_ONLY="true"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    --quiet)
+      QUIET="true"
+      shift
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unknown argument: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+require_arg "${IMAGE}" "--image"
+
+if resolve_reference "${IMAGE}"; then
+  printf '%s\n' "${IMAGE}"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ "${LOCAL_ONLY}" == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "Image unavailable via local-only mode: ${IMAGE}" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "${MIRROR_IMAGE}" ]]; then
+  log "Primary image unavailable; checking mirror ${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+  if resolve_reference "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"; then
+    printf '%s\n' "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -n "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" ]]; then
+    log "Mirror image ${MIRROR_IMAGE} missing; promoting from upstream ${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}"
+    promote_upstream_to_mirror
+    if ! pull_image "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"; then
+      echo "Failed to pull promoted mirror image: ${MIRROR_IMAGE}" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    printf '%s\n' "${MIRROR_IMAGE}"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" ]]; then
+  log "Falling back to upstream image ${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}"
+  if resolve_reference "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}"; then
+    printf '%s\n' "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}"
+    exit 0
+  fi
+fi
+
+echo "Failed to resolve image via primary/mirror/upstream path" >&2
+echo "primary=${IMAGE}" >&2
+if [[ -n "${MIRROR_IMAGE}" ]]; then
+  echo "mirror=${MIRROR_IMAGE}" >&2
+fi
+if [[ -n "${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" ]]; then
+  echo "upstream=${UPSTREAM_IMAGE}" >&2
+fi
+exit 1