diff --git a/backend/conftest.py b/backend/conftest.py
index 38f6406..e7bccfc 100644
--- a/backend/conftest.py
+++ b/backend/conftest.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 """Pytest configuration for automatic typeguard integration."""
 
+from typing import Any
+
 from typeguard import install_import_hook
 
 
-def pytest_configure(config) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+def pytest_configure(config: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
     """Configure pytest to use typeguard automatically."""
     # Install typeguard import hook to automatically check all functions
     # with type hints in the backend package during test runs
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ def pytest_configure(config) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
     print("🛡️  Automatic typeguard hooks installed for test run")
 
 
-def pytest_runtest_setup(item):
+def pytest_runtest_setup(item: Any) -> None:
     """Set up typeguard for each test run."""
     # The import hook is automatically enabled via pytest_configure
     # All functions with type hints will be automatically checked